SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to monitor and control industrial processes and infrastructure such as electricity grids, water treatment plants, oil and gas pipelines, and transportation systems. These systems typically consist of remote terminal units (RTUs) or programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that gather data from sensors and control devices, and a central operator interface that allows operators to monitor and control the processes in real-time. SCADA systems enable operators to remotely monitor equipment, track performance metrics, detect system faults or anomalies, and take corrective actions as needed. This helps improve efficiency, reduce downtime, and increase safety in industrial operations. However, SCADA systems are also vulnerable to cyber-attacks and security breaches, so ensuring the security and integrity of these systems is a critical area of research. Researchers in the field of SCADA systems focus on developing secure communication protocols, encryption methods, intrusion detection systems, and other cybersecurity measures to protect SCADA systems from cyber threats. They also explore ways to improve the efficiency and reliability of these systems through the use of advanced technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. Overall, research in the field of SCADA systems aims to enhance the performance, resilience, and security of critical infrastructure systems.